slbtty
(shenlebantongying)
2021年01月30日 02:21
1
GPG 是一款加密软件。在开源软件的世界里面玩,总会或多或少遇见 GPG 相关的东西,比如说
openSUSE 添加新软件源,要你确定接受一串密钥
GitHub 上可以用 GPG 来给你的 commit 签名
像一些严格的项目,比如说 Debian,你不能正确地给出你的 GPG key,寸步难行
下载软件源码包,或者安装镜像的时候总会有一个 .asc
文件。比如 openSUSE
你开发了软件,可以给你的软件源码包签名,这样分发的过程中,避免供应链攻击
或者 你不希望你的通讯被给第三方给看到 。
GPG 相关的教程网上已经有很多很多了,不过大部分都扯淡太多,云里雾里,说不出本质的东西,导致看起来很高深的样子。实际使用起来很简单,这里给一个简化版本
每个人都有一对 公钥 和 私钥(public key & secret key)。
私钥是绝对不能暴露给任何人极其私密的。
公钥是可以上传到公共服务器,每个人都可以看到的。
使用起来是这个样子的:
我拿到你的公钥,我就可以用 我的私钥 和 你的公钥 加密出一封只有 你,也就是对应私钥持有者才能解密的密文。
我可以用我的私钥来给 文件或者数据 签名。然后别人通过公共服务器拿到我的公钥,就可以用公钥验证一下这些 文件和数据 是不是完整且没有被更改过的。
大部分教程都上来一堆命令行,云里雾里,这里只用图形界面 Kleopatra,在同类中最好的 :)。其它的替代品 GNOME Seahorse, GNU Privacy Assistant 都大同小异。
sudo zypper in kleopatra gpg2
启动 Kleopatra,新建你的公钥和私钥,点完下一步就可以看到你新建的钥匙:
注:在输入名字和邮箱以后,下面有高级设置,把 rsa 1024 bits 改成 4096 bits。作为练习用有效期也可以改短一点。
然后你可以导入我的公钥,只要点击上方的搜索,输入 slbtty
就可以看到我的公钥,
不过默认的钥匙服务器可能国内访问有问题,可以改成
hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com/
或者先下载再导入 slbtty.asc
然后你就可以给我发加密过的信息了,在 notepad 里面,添加收件人(比如我 :)
输入文字,点击加密就可以得到加密过的消息了
如果你作为接收人,拥有私钥,把加密的消息复制到这里,就可以解密了。
如果你想让别人给你发加密信件,你需要先公开你的公钥。直接点击上方 导出 export,然后你会得到一个 .asc
文件。你可以直接 1.共享这个文件 2. 复制粘贴里面的内容 3. 上传到公共的服务器中,比如https://keyserver.Ubuntu.com/ 。点击 submit key,复制粘贴你的公钥进去就可以了。
上传以后的搜索结果:
注:Ubuntu 的钥匙服务器是服务 Ubuntu 的,可能不会和其他的服务器同步。你可以把公钥多上传一些地方。https://pgp.mit.edu/ https://keys.openpgp.org/ https://zimmermann.mayfirst.org/
如果你想用命令行,可以参考如下
阮一峰 的 GPG 入门教程 GPG入门教程 - 阮一峰的网络日志
月光博客的教程 https://www.williamlong.info/archives/3439.html
命令行速查手册 https://www.gnupg.org/howtos/zh/index.html
用 GPG 签名文件https://access.redhat.com/solutions/1541303
GPG 新闻 https://www.gnupg.org/index.html
5赞
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slbtty
(shenlebantongying)
2021年01月30日 11:35
6
@LiuSen
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slbtty
(shenlebantongying)
2021年01月30日 11:45
7
@lostFox
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA256
I am fine :)
I don't have your public key, so I cannot reply an encrypted message.
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slbtty
(shenlebantongying)
2021年01月30日 12:14
9
@LiuSen
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slbtty
(shenlebantongying)
2021年01月30日 12:17
10
@LiuSen
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-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE-----
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1赞
1202 年了, ECC 支持已经比较普及了,生成私钥的时候可以考虑直接生成 ECC key 用用看
ECC 的优点(密钥短、运算快(?))带来的收益是很少的。用户不需要背密钥,长度影响不大;速度更是无感。
相反,如果遇到兼容性问题,任何一个都不是用户本身能够解决的。比如智能卡的算法支持、软件版本等。
ECC 最主要的优势在于理论安全性更高,当然现在 RSA 4096 安全性也是足够的,但 RSA 2048 已经开始被认为安全性不足, RSA 1024 在很多地方已经被认为是不安全的了,所以实际上会用 ECC 生成 GPG 密钥的人多数是想要更强的安全性
另外考虑到一个 GPG key 可能会用很多年(我自己的一个 key 是从 2013 年用到现在),选一个更新一些的算法和更强的加密强度还是多少有一些必要的
libgcrypt 从 1.7 开始支持了 ECC key, 这已经是快 5 年前的事情了,智能卡的话没什么好办法,确实只能按硬件支持来,不过对于新一些的设备比如 yubikey 之类,最好的姿势应该是直接用硬件生成私钥并且私钥永远不离开设备
1赞
另外楼主,强烈建议加上 revoke key 的步骤,并且生成私钥之后做的第一件事情应该就是生成吊销证书并且妥善备份,之后才是上传公钥到 key server…
血泪教训…
如无必要,最好不要把公钥上传到 key server,原因:
泄露个人信息,而且一旦上传,全球同步,再无删除可能
泄露社交关系(Web Of Trust)
制造垃圾数据(如果公钥很快被废弃,尤其是对于新手)
slbtty
(shenlebantongying)
2021年02月1日 15:02
19
@AstroProfundis 因为 Kleopatra 那软件到处都有提示,包括上传服务器的时候弄一个吊销的东西,所以就没写 :)
原来如此,我没正经用过 Kleopatra 不知道原来会提示(